Britain, Germany, France, and Japan all accepted Russia politely declined.Italy alone accepted the Open Door unconditionally (only major power without land in China).He urged them to announce that in their spheres of influence they would respect certain Chinese rights and the ideal of fair competition ( Open Door gained wide acceptance with public).Secretary of State John Hay dispatched to all great powers the Open Door note (summer 1899).Churches worried about missionaries, Chinese markets, American public nudged Washington.A growing group of Americans viewed the vivisection of China with alarm (Manchu dynasty).Following China’s defeat by Japan in 1895, imperialistic European powers moved in.The Filipinos hated compulsory Americanization and preferred liberty (July 1946).Millions poured in to improve roads, sanitation, and public health (sugar trade).Taft who called the Filipinos his “little grown brothers”
President McKinley appointed the Philippine Commission to act as a sort of government.The backbone of the Filipino insurrection was broken in 1901 with the capture of Aguinaldo.Atrocity tales shocked and rocked the United States (reconcentration camps established).As Filipino armies were defeated, they melted into the jungle to wage guerrilla warfare.The Senate refused to pass a resolution granting Filipino independence and bitterness toward American troops erupted into open insurrection in 1899 under Emilio Aguinaldo.“Little Brown Brothers” in the Philippines
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